SSG Hospital

A dermatologist is a medical doctor who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of skin, hair, and nail conditions.

• They are trained to evaluate and treat a wide range of skin conditions, including acne, eczema, psoriasis, skin cancer, and more.
• Dermatologists also treat conditions related to hair and nails, such as hair loss and fungal nail infections.
• They may also provide cosmetic services such as Botox injections, laser hair removal, and chemical peels.

There are many reasons why someone may want to consult a dermatologist. Some common reasons include:

• Changes in the skin, such as new moles, growths, or discolorations
• Persistent skin conditions that do not respond to over-the-counter treatments, such as eczema, psoriasis, or acne
• Suspected or confirmed skin cancer
• Hair or nail conditions, such as hair loss, fungal infections, or brittle nails
• Pre-existing skin conditions that require ongoing management, such as vitiligo or lupus
• Cosmetics, such as fillers, Botox, and laser treatment

It is important to see a dermatologist if you have any concerns about your skin, hair, or nails. They will be able to examine you, diagnose any issues, and recommend the best course of treatment for you.

Dermatologists treat several medical conditions that affect your skin, hair, and nails. Some of the known health conditions include:

1. Skin Cancer: Cancerous lesions on the skin can arise anywhere in the body. A dermatologist may eradicate cancer cells and observe further to ensure that they don't reoccur.
2. Skin Infections: Infections caused by fungi, viruses, parasites, and bacteria may find their way into skin tissue and cause numerous skin infections. A dermatologist can help to detect the primary causes of diseases and specify a course of treatment.
3. Acne: based on the seriousness of your acne, a dermatologist may treat the condition with modern treatments; from lasers, medications, and other light therapies, to eradicating large cysts and chemical peels.

Cancer surgery, also called oncologic surgery, is a type of surgery that is used to diagnose, stage, and treat cancer. There are several types of cancer surgery, including:

1. Lumpectomy - a procedure that removes the tumor and a small margin of surrounding tissue from the breast.
2. Mastectomy - a procedure that removes the entire breast, including the nipple, areola, and some of the surrounding tissue.
3. Sentinel lymph node biopsy - a procedure that is used to determine whether cancer has spread to the lymph nodes in the area of the tumor.
4. Lymph node dissection - a procedure that removes lymph nodes from an area of the body that may contain cancer.
5. Prostatectomy - a procedure that removes all or part of the prostate gland.
6. Cystectomy - a procedure that removes all or part of the bladder.
7. Gastrectomy - a procedure that removes all or part of the stomach.
8. Colorectal surgery- a procedure that removes all or part of the colon or rectum.
9. Pancreaticoduodenectomy - a procedure that removes the head of the pancreas, the first part of the small intestine, and the bile duct.
10. Thoracic surgery - a procedure that removes tumors or diseased tissue from the chest, such as lung cancer or esophageal cancer.
11. Abdominoperineal resection - a procedure that removes the rectum, anus, and part of the sigmoid colon.

These are some examples of cancer surgeries, but there are many other types that may be used depending on the type and stage of cancer.

Cosmetic surgery is a type of surgery that is performed to enhance or improve the appearance of a person's body or face. These procedures are typically elective, meaning that they are not medically necessary and are instead chosen by the patient for personal or aesthetic reasons.

Here are some examples of cosmetic surgery procedures include:

• Facelift: a procedure that tightens and lifts the skin on the face and neck to reduce wrinkles and sagging skin.
• Rhinoplasty: a procedure that reshapes the nose to improve its appearance or function.
• Breast augmentation: a procedure that involves the use of implants to increase the size of the breasts.
• Liposuction: a procedure that removes excess fat from specific areas of the body using a suction technique.
• Tummy tuck: a procedure that removes excess skin and fat from the abdomen to tighten the muscles and create a flatter stomach.
• Botox injection: a procedure that uses small injections of a chemical called Botulinum toxin to temporarily paralyze the muscles that cause wrinkles, it's mainly used in the face.

It is important to keep in mind that cosmetic surgery is a serious decision that should not be taken lightly. Patients should do their research and carefully consider the risks and benefits of any procedure before going through with it. They should also consult with a qualified, board-certified plastic surgeon to discuss their goals, expectations, and any potential risks or complications.

Like any surgical procedure, cosmetic surgery carries some risks and potential complications. Some of the risks associated with cosmetic surgery include the following factors.

Health Risks Related to Cosmetic Surgery

• Infection: Any surgical procedure carries a risk of infection, which can be caused by bacteria entering the wound.
• Anesthesia complications: All surgeries require some form of anesthesia, and there are always some risks associated with the use of anesthesia.
• Hematoma or seroma: These are collections of blood or fluid that can form around the surgical site and can cause swelling, pain, and infection.
• Nerve damage: Some cosmetic procedures, particularly those involving the face, carry a risk of nerve damage that can cause numbness, tingling, or weakness.
• Scarring: All surgical procedures leave some level of scarring, and this can be more noticeable in certain areas of the body, such as the face.

It's important to note that most of these risks can be minimized by choosing a qualified, board-certified plastic surgeon, and by following the surgeon's pre-and post-operative instructions.

• It's also important to have realistic expectations about the outcome of cosmetic surgery and to understand that the results will not always be perfect.
• Some patients may need multiple procedures to achieve their desired result.
• Furthermore, it's important to note that some people may develop a psychological condition called Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD) in which they become preoccupied with perceived flaws in their appearance and may seek excessive cosmetic surgery.
• Therefore, it is essential to undergo a thorough psychiatric evaluation before considering any cosmetic surgery procedure.
• It's essential to weigh the benefits and risks of any procedure and to consult with a qualified, board-certified plastic surgeon before making a decision.

Surgery for burns is typically performed to remove dead or damaged tissue, known as debridement, and to close the wound. The type of surgery that is performed will depend on the severity of the burn and the location of the burn on the body.

• Debridement: This is the process of removing dead or damaged tissue from the burn wound. This can be done surgically, using a scalpel or scissors, or non-surgically, using special dressings or enzymes. Debridement is done to prevent infection, promote healing, and reduce scarring.
• Skin Grafting: Skin grafting is a surgical procedure in which healthy skin is taken from one part of the body, called the donor site, and transplanted to the burn wound. This can be done with autografts, which are taken from the patient's own body, or with allografts, which are taken from a cadaver or a living donor.
• Tissue Expansion: This is a procedure that is used to stretch the skin around a burn wound, allowing the wound to be closed with the patient's own skin. A balloon-like device is inserted under the skin near the burn wound and gradually filled with a saline solution over time. This causes the skin to stretch, allowing the wound to be closed with a skin graft.
• Z-plasty: This is a surgical procedure in which the skin is rearranged to reduce scarring. It is often used to treat scars on the face, neck, or other areas where scarring is particularly noticeable.
• Excision: This is the process of cutting out the burn wound and suturing the edges together.

It's important to note that the recovery period after burn surgery can be long and will depend on the severity of the burn and the type of surgery that was performed. Physical therapy is often needed to regain function, and range of motion and to prevent contractures. It's essential to seek medical attention as soon as possible after a burn injury to minimize the damage, prevent infection, and promote healing.

Surgery may be needed for burns when the burn is deep, or when the burn involves a large area of the body.

• Surgery may also be needed to remove dead tissue, repair or cover the wound, or reduce the risk of infection.
• Additionally, surgery may be needed to address any underlying injuries or to treat complications that may arise from the burn.
• Ultimately, the decision to perform surgery will be made on a case-by-case basis by the patient's burn care team, taking into consideration the severity and location of the burn, as well as the overall health of the patient.

Hospitals typically use a multi-disciplinary approach to treating burns. The specific treatment plan will depend on the severity of the burn, but may include the following steps:

1. Initial assessment and stabilization: The burn wound will be assessed for severity, and the patient will be stabilized by providing oxygen, fluids, and pain relief as necessary.
2. Wound care: The burn wound will be cleaned and dressed to prevent infection and promote healing.
3. Debridement: Dead tissue will be removed from the burn wound using surgical or other methods.
4. Skin grafting: In cases where the burn is deep and involves a large area of the body, skin grafts may be used to cover the wound and promote healing.
5. Rehabilitation: Patients will receive physical and occupational therapy to help them regain strength and mobility.
6. Pain management: Patients will be given medication to manage pain and discomfort.
7. Psychological support: Patients may receive counseling or other forms of psychological support to help them cope with the emotional impact of the burn injury.
8. Post-burn care: The patient will be closely monitored for complications and will be given instructions for self-care and follow-up appointments.

It is important to note that burn treatment is a complex and often long-term process and the above steps may not be applied in the same order or all of them may not be necessary. It also depends on the stage of the burn, first aid, and the overall health of the patient.

Plastic surgery is a medical specialty that involves the repair, reconstruction, or replacement of physical defects of form or function involving the skin, musculoskeletal system, craniofacial structures, hand, extremities, breast, and trunk, and external genitalia or cosmetic enhancement of these areas of the body.

Plastic Surgery is divided into two main categories.

1. Reconstructive Surgery: Reconstructive surgery is performed to correct functional impairments caused by burns, trauma, infections, developmental abnormalities, and diseases.
2. Cosmetic Surgery: Cosmetic surgery is performed to reshape normal structures of the body in order to improve the patient's appearance and self-esteem

Examples of plastic surgery procedures include

• Breast augmentation
• Tummy tuck
• Rhinoplasty
• Facelift
• Eyelid surgery
• Liposuction