Lung Diseases Diagnosis: 8 Advanced Test For Better Health

Diagnosing lung diseases often involves a combination of medical history, physical exams, imaging tests, and pulmonary function tests. Common lung diseases include asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), pneumonia, tuberculosis, lung cancer, and interstitial lung disease.

 

8 Test for Lung Diseases

There are various tests that can be used to diagnose lung diseases, including:

 

 

1. Spirometry

• Spirometry measures how much air a person can breathe in and out, and how quickly they can exhale.
• This test can help diagnose and monitor respiratory conditions such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and pulmonary fibrosis.
• During spirometry, a person breathes into a machine called a spirometer, which records the amount and speed of air they exhale.
• The results of the test can provide information about lung capacity, airflow, and any obstructions or limitations in the airways.

Test Name	Spirometry
Also Known As	Pulmonary function test
Purpose	Assessing lung function
Sample	Breath
Preparation	None
Procedure	Measuring breath volumes and airflow
Test Timing	Varies
Test Price (INR)	500-1500
Result Value	Lung function parameters
Normal Value	Age, height, and gender-specific reference values
Accuracy	High
Interpretation	Evaluate lung capacity and airflow limitations

Measure lung function with Spirometry (Pulmonary function test) to assess airflow limitations and lung capacity.

 

2. Pulmonary Function Tests

• Pulmonary function tests (PFTs) evaluate the performance of the lungs and diagnose lung diseases.
• This group of diagnostic tests helps to measure the lung's ability to move air in and out and their capacity to absorb oxygen.
• These tests can help diagnose a variety of lung diseases, such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and pulmonary fibrosis.
• PFTs can also be used to monitor the progression of lung disease and assess the effectiveness of treatment.
• The tests typically involve breathing into a machine that measures various aspects of lung function, such as lung capacity, airflow, and gas exchange.
• The results of PFTs can help doctors determine the best course of treatment for a patient's lung disease.

Test Name	Spirometry
Also Known As	Pulmonary function test
Purpose	Assessing lung function
Sample	Breath
Preparation	None
Procedure	Measurement of airflow
Test Timing	Varies
Test Price (INR)	500-2000
Result Value	Lung volumes and capacities
Normal Value	Age, height, and gender-dependent
Accuracy	High
Interpretation	Evaluate lung function and airflow limitations

Assess lung function with Spirometry (Pulmonary Function Test), a simple and accurate procedure measuring airflow

 

3. Chest X-ray

• Chest X-ray is a common diagnostic imaging test that uses a small amount of radiation to produce images of the structures inside the chest, including the heart, lungs, and blood vessels.
• It is a non-invasive, relatively low-cost imaging test that can detect conditions such as pneumonia, lung cancer, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
• It can help diagnose a range of respiratory diseases, such as pneumonia, lung cancer, and pulmonary fibrosis, as well as other conditions that affect the chest and lungs, including heart disease and injuries.
• During the test, the patient stands in front of the X-ray machine and takes a deep breath while the X-ray is taken.
• The images produced can be used by healthcare providers to diagnose or monitor respiratory diseases, evaluate the effectiveness of treatment, and plan further care.

Test Name	Chest X-ray for Lung Disease
Also Known As	CXR (Chest X-ray)
Purpose	Assessing lung abnormalities
Sample	None
Preparation	None
Procedure	Imaging of the chest area
Test Timing	Quick
Test Price (INR)	500-2000
Result Value	Visual assessment of the lungs
Normal Value	Clear and healthy lung tissue
Accuracy	Moderate
Interpretation	Identify lung abnormalities

Get a Chest X-ray (CXR) for a quick assessment of lung abnormalities. It is a non-invasive procedure providing visual insights into lung health

 

4. CT Scan

• A CT (computed tomography) scan is a type of imaging test that uses X-rays and computer technology to produce detailed images of the lungs and other internal organs.
• It can be used to diagnose lung diseases, such as lung cancer, pulmonary embolism, and pneumonia, as well as to monitor the progression of certain lung conditions.
• During a CT scan, a patient lies on a table that slides into a large, donut-shaped machine.
• The machine takes multiple X-ray images from different angles and combines them to create detailed cross-sectional images of the lungs and other areas of the body.
• A CT scan may require the use of contrast dye to enhance the images, which is typically given through an IV in the arm.
• CT scans are generally considered safe, but they do expose patients to a small amount of radiation.

Test Name	CT Scan for Lung Disease
Also Known As	CT Chest, CT Thorax
Purpose	Evaluating lung abnormalities and diseases
Sample	None
Preparation	None
Procedure	Radiographic imaging of the lungs using computed tomography
Test Timing	Usually quick
Test Price (INR)	4000-8000
Result Value	Detailed images of lung structures and abnormalities
Normal Value	Absence of significant lung abnormalities
Accuracy	High
Interpretation	Detects lung diseases and assesses their severity

Obtain detailed lung images with the CT Scan for Lung Disease (CT Chest/CT Thorax). Helps diagnose and assess the severity of lung diseases

 

5. Bronchoscopy

• Bronchoscopy is a diagnostic test used to examine the airways of the lungs.
• It involves inserting a thin, flexible tube with a light and camera on the end through the nose or mouth and into the lungs.
• The images captured by the camera help doctors identify any abnormalities or blockages in the airways.
• Bronchoscopy can also be used to collect tissue samples or perform other procedures, such as removing foreign objects or tumors.
• Under either local or general anesthesia, pulmonary function tests (PFTs) are typically conducted to evaluate the respiratory function of the lungs.
• It can also be used to treat certain lung conditions. By providing a direct view of the airways, bronchoscopy can help identify the cause of respiratory symptoms and guide appropriate treatment.

Test Name	Bronchoscopy
Also Known As	Bronchoscopic examination
Purpose	Diagnostic and therapeutic procedure for lung diseases
Sample	Visual examination of the airways and collection of tissue samples
Preparation	Fasting, sedation, and consent
Procedure	Insertion of a flexible tube into the airways to view and obtain samples
Test Timing	Typically performed as an outpatient procedure
Test Price (INR)	10,000-25,000
Result Value	Tissue samples, visual findings
Normal Value	Absence of abnormal findings
Accuracy	High
Interpretation	Diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment guidance

Bronchoscopy (also known as bronchoscopic examination) is a diagnostic and therapeutic procedure for lung diseases.

 

6. Biopsy

• Biopsy is a medical procedure where a sample of tissue is taken from the body to be examined under a microscope.
• In the case of lung diseases, a lung biopsy may be performed to diagnose certain conditions, such as lung cancer or interstitial lung disease.
• There are several types of lung biopsy, including bronchoscopic biopsy, needle biopsy, and surgical biopsy.
• The type of biopsy performed will depend on the location of the abnormal tissue and other factors specific to the individual case.
• Biopsies are generally considered safe, but like any medical procedure, they do carry some risks, such as bleeding or infection.
• However, the benefits of a biopsy in diagnosing lung diseases often outweigh the risks.

Test Name	Biopsy for Lung Disease
Also Known As	Lung Tissue Biopsy
Purpose	Obtain tissue sample for diagnosis
Sample	Lung tissue
Preparation	None
Procedure	Removal of lung tissue for analysis
Test Timing	Varies
Test Price (INR)	5000-10000
Result Value	Histopathological findings
Normal Value	Depends on specific diagnosis
Accuracy	High
Interpretation	Identify lung disease characteristics

Obtain lung tissue sample through a biopsy for accurate diagnosis of lung diseases. Histopathological findings provide valuable insights.

 

7. Blood Tests

• Blood tests are one of the diagnostic tests used to evaluate lung diseases.
• These tests are usually performed to identify the underlying cause of respiratory symptoms or to monitor the progression of the disease.
• Blood tests can help diagnose certain lung diseases such as infections, autoimmune disorders, and cancer.
• The blood samples are usually taken from a vein in the arm, and the tests can measure various parameters such as oxygen and carbon dioxide levels, inflammatory markers, and blood cell counts.
• The results of blood tests can help healthcare providers determine the appropriate treatment and management plan for the patient.

Test Name	Blood Tests for Lung Disease
Also Known As	Lung function tests
Purpose	Assess lung function and detect abnormalities
Sample	Blood
Preparation	Fasting may be required
Procedure	Blood sample collection and analysis
Test Timing	Varies
Test Price (INR)	500-2000
Result Value	Lung function parameters
Normal Value	Optimal lung function values
Accuracy	High
Interpretation	Positive: Indicates lung function impairment

Blood tests, also known as lung function tests, assess lung function and detect abnormalities. They require a blood sample and provide accurate results for interpreting lung function.

 

8. Pulse Oximetry

• Pulse oximetry is a non-invasive test used to measure the oxygen saturation level in the blood.
• It involves placing a small sensor on a fingertip, earlobe, or toe that emits light that passes through the skin and detects the amount of oxygen in the blood.
• The test is quick, painless, and can be done in a doctor's office or hospital setting.
• Pulse oximetry is often used to monitor oxygen levels in people with respiratory conditions, such as asthma or COPD, as well as during surgery or other medical procedures.
• It can also be used to detect early signs of hypoxia, a condition where the body doesn't receive enough oxygen.

Test Name	Pulse Oximetry
Also Known As	Oxygen saturation test
Purpose	Measure oxygen levels in blood
Sample	Finger or earlobe
Preparation	None required
Procedure	Place sensor on finger or earlobe
Test Timing	Anytime
Test Price in India Rupees	Varies
Result Value	Oxygen saturation
Normal Value	95% or higher
Accuracy	High accuracy
Interpretation	Low levels indicate poor oxygenation

Pulse oximetry, also known as the oxygen saturation test, measures oxygen levels in the blood using a sensor placed on the finger or earlobe. Results indicate oxygen saturation, with values of 95% or higher considered normal.

 

Lung Diseases Diagnosis Tests Overview

Test Name	Spirometry	Pulmonary Function Tests	Chest X-ray
Also Known As	Lung Function Test	PFTs	Chest radiography
Purpose	Assessing lung function	Evaluating lung capacity	Detecting lung abnormalities
Sample	Breath	Breath	N/A (Non-invasive)
Preparation	None	None	None
Procedure	Measurement of lung volume and airflow during breathing maneuvers	Various tests to assess lung function, including spirometry and lung capacity measurements	Imaging of the chest using X-ray technology
Test Timing	Typically done in a single session	Typically done in a single session	Usually done as part of screening or diagnostic evaluation
Test Price (INR) Range	500-1500	1000-2500	Varies
Result Value	Lung volumes, airflow rates, and other parameters	Lung capacity, airflow rates, and other parameters	Visual assessment of lung structure and abnormalities
Normal Value	Varies with age, gender, and other factors	Varies with age, gender, and other factors	Absence of visible abnormalities in the lungs
Accuracy	High	High	Moderate
Interpretation	Abnormal values may indicate lung diseases such as asthma or COPD	Abnormal values may indicate lung diseases or impairment	Presence of lung infiltrates or cavities may indicate underlying conditions

Assess lung function with Spirometry and Pulmonary Function Tests, and detect lung abnormalities with a Chest X-ray.

 

Lung Diseases Differential Diagnosis

Diseases	Similar Diseases	Differentiating Factors
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)	Asthma	History of smoking, irreversible airflow limitation
Pulmonary Fibrosis	Chronic Bronchitis	Interstitial lung involvement, progressive scarring of lung tissue
Lung Cancer	Tuberculosis	Malignant tumor, presence of specific cancer cells

Distinguish lung diseases by COPD from asthma based on smoking history and airflow limitation, pulmonary fibrosis from chronic bronchitis through interstitial involvement and scarring, and lung cancer from tuberculosis by identifying malignancy and specific cancer cells.

 

Best Doctor For Lung Diseases Diagnosis

Specialist	Short Description
Pulmonologist	Specializes in lung diseases and respiratory disorders.
Thoracic Surgeon	Performs surgical procedures on the lungs and chest.
Respiratory Therapist	Provides specialized care for lung diseases and assists with breathing treatments.
Allergist/Immunologist	Diagnoses and treats lung conditions related to allergies and immune system disorders.
Critical Care Specialist	Manages patients with severe respiratory conditions in the intensive care unit.

For the best care for lung diseases, consider consulting with a pulmonologist, a specialist in respiratory disorders, or a thoracic surgeon for surgical interventions

 

7 Interesting Facts About Lung Diseases Diagnosis

Here are 7 Interesting Facts about Lung Diseases Diagnosis.

1. Lung diseases affect millions worldwide and can be caused by various factors such as smoking, pollution, and genetic predisposition.
2. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a leading cause of death globally and is often preventable through lifestyle changes.
3. Asthma, a common lung condition, can be triggered by allergens, exercise, or stress, and affects people of all ages.
4. Pulmonary fibrosis is a progressive lung disease characterized by scarring of lung tissue, making it difficult to breathe.
5. Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths, and early detection plays a crucial role in improving survival rates.
6. Pneumonia, an infection of the lungs, can be caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi and can be life-threatening, especially in vulnerable populations.
7. Lung diseases can be managed through medication, lifestyle modifications, and supportive care, and early intervention can significantly improve quality of life.

 

Conclusion

In conclusion, timely and accurate diagnosis of lung diseases is crucial for effective treatment and management. A variety of diagnostic tests, including pulmonary function tests, imaging tests, and blood tests, can be used to diagnose lung diseases.

 

Reference

• Tests for Lung Disease | NHLBI, NIH [1].
• Respiratory disease - Wikipedia [2].