Marburg Virus: Symptoms, Treatment, Prevention and Vaccine
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Marburg Virus: Symptoms, Treatment, Prevention and Vaccine

What is Marburg Virus Disease (MVD)?

Marburg virus disease (MVD) is a rare hemorrhagic fever viral disease caused Marburg virus. It leads to the sudden onset of high fever, chills, headache, and myalgia.

 

Marburg virus is a genetically unique zoonotic RNA virus of the filovirus family.

 

As per WHO MVD death rate is around 50% which varied from 24% to 88%.

 

Marburg virus outbreaks

  • Initial diseases recognition from two large outbreaks that occurred simultaneously in Marburg and Frankfurt in Germany, and in Belgrade, Serbia, in 1967.
  • Later on, outbreaks and sporadic cases have been reported in Angola, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kenya, South Africa, and Uganda.
  • 2022 Marburg virus disease outbreak in Ghana seen.
 

Marburg virus Symptoms

Below is listed symptom onset after 2 - 21 days of the incubation period

  • Sudden onset of high fever
  • Chills
  • Headache
  • Body aches
  • Myalgia

 

After 5 days of the initial signs symptoms

  • Rash develops mostly on the back and chest
  • Nausea
  • Vomiting
  • Diarrhea
  • Chest pain
  • Abdominal pain
 

Severe symptoms include:

  • Jaundice
  • Inflammation of the pancreas
  • Severe weight loss
  • Delirium
  • Shock
  • Liver failure
  • Massive hemorrhaging
  • Multi-organ dysfunction
 

Marburg Virus Transmission

Marburg virus disease spreads through:

 

  • Direct contact through mucous membranes & broken skin
  • Contact with contaminated objects such as bedding, clothes, needles, and medical equipment
  • Blood
  • Bodily fluids
  • Skin or mucous lesions
  • Semen
  • Fruit bats
 

Diagnosis & Tests for Marburg Virus

Following diagnostic Tests methods for the Marburg virus suggested by WHO:

  • Antibody-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)
  • Antigen-capture detection tests
  • Serum neutralization test
  • Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay
  • Electron microscopy
  • Virus isolation by cell culture

 

Clinically distinguishing Marburg virus disease from other infectious diseases such as malaria, typhoid fever, meningitis, shigellosis, and other viral hemorrhagic fevers was difficult.

 

Marburg virus Treatment

There is no specific treatment for Marburg virus disease however supportive hospital therapy should be utilized which includes:

  • Balancing the patient’s body fluids and electrolytes
  • Maintaining oxygen status
  • Maintain blood pressure
  • Replacing lost blood and clotting factors
  • Treatment for any complicating infections
 

Marburg virus vaccine

Currently, there are no specific vaccines available for Marburg virus disease (MVD).

 

Prevention and control

Not any standard Preventive measures against Marburg virus infection, However,

  • Avoiding fruit bats (Rousettus aegyptiacus), and sick non-human primates
  • Avoid direct physical contact with the patient
  • Take precautions to include wearing protective gowns, gloves, and masks
  • Placing the infected individual in strict isolation
  • Proper disposal or sterilization of needles, equipment, and patient excretions.
 

Marburg virus Key facts

  • Marburg virus disease causes severe haemorrhagic fever in humans.
  • The average MVD case death rate is around 50%. Death rates range have varied from 24% to 88%.
  • There is no specific treatment & vaccine available only supportive care & treatment do.
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Margburg FAQ

What is the marburg virus?

Marburg virus or Marburg virus disease (MVD) is a rare hemorrhagic fever viral disease caused Marburg virus. It leads to the sudden onset of high fever, chills, headache, and myalgia.

How does the marburg virus spread?

Marburg Virus spreads through:

  • Direct contact through broken skin or mucous membranes
  • Contaminated objects such as clothes, bedding, needles, and medical equipment
  • Blood
  • Bodily fluids
  • Skin or mucous lesions
  • Semen
  • Fruit bats




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