Absolute Lymphocyte Count (ALC) Test For Infections

The Absolute Lymphocyte Count (ALC) test measures the number of lymphocytes in a blood sample, helping to evaluate the immune system's function and detect various conditions, including infections, autoimmune disorders, and certain types of cancer.

 

ALC Test Overview

Here is basic information about ALC Test.

Also Known As	Absolute Lymphocyte Count Test
Type	Blood Test
Purpose	Check Lymphocytes in Blood
Sample Type	Blood
Preparation	No Special Preparation Required
Gender	Unisex
Age-Group	Above 10 Years
Fasting	No
Value	1300 - 3500 cells per microliter (cells/μL)
Reporting Time	1 - 2 hours
Cost	100 to 200* INR

*Price range may vary as per location, lab type, and procedure of lab test.

 

ALC Test Full Form

• Full form of ALC Test is Absolute Lymphocyte Count Test.

 

What is ALC Test

• The Absolute Lymphocyte Count (ALC) test is a blood test that measures the number of lymphocytes in a person's blood.
• Lymphocytes are a type of white blood cell that plays an important role in the immune system by recognizing and attacking foreign substances, such as bacteria, viruses, and cancer cells.
• The ALC test is typically ordered as part of a complete blood count (CBC) and is used to evaluate immune system function and to diagnose or monitor certain medical conditions.
• An abnormal ALC may indicate an underlying medical condition, such as a viral infection, autoimmune disorder, or cancer, and may warrant further testing or medical intervention.

Interesting Facts About Lymphocyte

• Lymphocytes are a type of white blood cell involved in immune responses.
• They play a crucial role in recognizing and attacking foreign invaders like bacteria, viruses, and cancer cells.
• Lymphocytes are produced in the bone marrow and can be found in lymph nodes, spleen, and other lymphoid tissues throughout the body.

 

ALC Test Purpose

Here are purposes of the Absolute Lymphocyte Count (ALC) test:

• To measure the number of lymphocytes, a type of white blood cell, in a person's blood.
• To evaluate immune system function and assess immune system response to infections or inflammation.
• To diagnose and monitor certain medical conditions that affect the immune system, such as viral infections, bacterial infections, autoimmune disorders, and some types of cancer.
• To monitor the effectiveness of certain treatments, such as chemotherapy for cancer or antiretroviral therapy for HIV.
• To assess the risk of developing certain medical conditions, such as infections or cancers, in individuals with weakened immune systems.
• To monitor immune system recovery after a bone marrow or stem cell transplant.
• To assess immune system function in individuals with HIV or AIDS.
• To identify early signs of immune system disorders, such as autoimmune diseases or immunodeficiency syndromes.
• To guide medical interventions and treatment plans based on the underlying medical condition and the patient's individual needs.
• To monitor the effectiveness of lifestyle changes or medications in improving immune system function.

 

 

ALC Test Preparation

Here are the basic preparation for the Absolute Lymphocyte Count (ALC) test:

• No specific preparation is usually required for the ALC test.
• It is recommended to inform the healthcare provider of any medications, supplements, or herbs being taken as some may affect the results of the test.
• Patients should be well hydrated before the test to ensure a good blood sample.
• Patients should inform the healthcare provider of any recent infections or illnesses, as this may also affect the results of the test.
• It is also important to inform the healthcare provider of any medical conditions or allergies before the test.
• Patients should avoid strenuous exercise or activity before the test, as this may affect the results of the test.
• The healthcare provider may advise to fast for a certain period of time before the test, especially if other blood tests are being conducted as part of a complete blood count (CBC). However, this is not always necessary for the ALC test alone.
• Patients should follow any specific instructions given by their healthcare provider or the laboratory where the test will be conducted.

 

ALC Test Procedure

Here are procedures for the Absolute Lymphocyte Count (ALC) test:

• The ALC test is a type of blood test that is typically performed as part of a complete blood count (CBC).
• A small sample of blood is collected from a vein in the arm using a sterile needle and a collection tube.
• The skin over the vein is cleaned with an antiseptic solution to reduce the risk of infection.
• The needle is inserted into the vein and the blood is drawn into the collection tube.
• After the sample is collected, pressure is applied to the puncture site to stop any bleeding.
• The sample is then sent to a laboratory for analysis.
• The laboratory uses specialized equipment to count the number of lymphocytes in the blood sample and calculate the ALC.
• The test results are usually available within a few hours to a few days, depending on the laboratory.
• The healthcare provider will review the results with the patient and discuss any further testing or treatment that may be necessary based on the results.

 

Absolute Lymphocyte Count Report

ALC Test Report PDF

 

ALC Test Normal Report

ALC Normal Test Report PDF Format

ALC Test Normal Result Report PDF

 

ALC Test Abnormal Report

ALC Abnormal Test Report PDF Format

ALC Test Abnormal Result Report PDF

 

Absolute Lymphocyte Count Normal Range

Here's a table of normal absolute lymphocyte count ranges:

Age Range	Normal Range for ALC
Newborns	2500 - 8000 cells/μL
Infants (1-5 months)	4000 - 10000 cells/μL
Children (6 months to 2 years)	2500 - 7500 cells/μL
Children (2-6 years)	1500 - 7500 cells/μL
Children (6-12 years)	1500 - 6000 cells/μL
Adults (>12 years)	1000 - 4000 cells/μL
Pregnant women	Slightly decreased than the normal range

• It's important to note that different laboratories may have slightly different reference ranges, so it's always best to check with your healthcare provider if you have any concerns about your absolute lymphocyte count.

 

Absolute Lymphocyte Count (ALC) Test  Interpretation

Here is a table to help interpret the results of the Absolute Lymphocyte Count (ALC) test:

ALC Range	Interpretation
<1000 cells/μL	Severe immunodeficiency or bone marrow suppression
1000-1500 cells/μL	Mild to moderate immunodeficiency or immune system suppression due to medications or medical conditions
1500-4000 cells/μL	Normal range for adults and children
>4000 cells/μL	Elevated lymphocyte count due to active immune response, infections, or inflammation

 

Absolute Lymphocyte Count High

An abnormally high absolute lymphocyte count, known as lymphocytosis, can be caused by a variety of factors, including:

Factors Causing High Absolute Lymphocyte Count	Description
Infections	Bacterial, viral, fungal, or parasitic infections can lead to an increase in lymphocytes.
Autoimmune disorders	Conditions like lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, and multiple sclerosis can cause lymphocytosis.
Medications	Certain medications, such as corticosteroids or anticonvulsants, can increase lymphocyte counts.
Cancer	Lymphocytosis can be a symptom of certain types of cancers, such as leukemia, lymphoma, or myeloma.
Stress	Physical or emotional stress can cause temporary lymphocytosis.
Exercise	Strenuous exercise can cause temporary lymphocytosis.
Smoking	Chronic smoking can increase lymphocyte counts.

 

Absolute Lymphocyte Count Low

An abnormally low absolute lymphocyte count, known as lymphopenia, can be caused by a variety of factors, including:

Factors Causing Low Absolute Lymphocyte Count	Description
Viral infections	Some viral infections, such as HIV, can lead to a decrease in lymphocytes.
Cancer treatment	Chemotherapy or radiation therapy can decrease lymphocyte counts.
Autoimmune disorders	Certain autoimmune disorders, such as lupus or rheumatoid arthritis, can cause lymphopenia.
Medications	Some medications, such as immunosuppressants or corticosteroids, can decrease lymphocyte counts.
Malnutrition	Severe malnutrition can lead to a decrease in lymphocytes.
Genetic disorders	Some genetic disorders, such as DiGeorge syndrome or Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome, can cause lymphopenia.
Chronic infections	Long-term infections, such as tuberculosis or hepatitis, can cause a decrease in lymphocytes.

Please note that this is not an exhaustive list and other factors may contribute to a low or high ALC. Your healthcare provider will interpret your test results and consider your medical history, symptoms, and physical examination to determine the cause of a low or high ALC and any necessary treatment.

 

Summary

A high Absolute Lymphocyte Count (ALC) may indicate infection, autoimmune disorders, or certain cancers, while a low ALC can suggest immunodeficiency or bone marrow issues.

 

Specimen Requirments For ALC Test

Here are the specimen requirements for ALC Test.

Specimen	Whole Blood
Volume	1.6 ml
Container	Lavender-top (EDTA) microcollection tube

 

ALC Test is Safe

The Absolute Lymphocyte Count (ALC) test is a routine blood test and is generally considered safe.

• It involves a standard blood draw procedure, which carries minimal risk or discomfort.
• Adverse reactions or complications are extremely rare.

 

When Do You Get ALC Test Results?

The turnaround time for ALC test results can vary depending on the laboratory and healthcare provider.

• In many cases, results are available within 1 to 2 hours after the test.
• The healthcare provider will inform the patient about the specific timeframe for receiving the ALC test results.

 

ALC Test Limitation

Here are some possible limitations of the ALC Test.

• The ALC (Absolute Lymphocyte Count) test is limited in its ability to provide specific diagnostic information on its own.
• It is influenced by various factors such as medications, infections, and medical conditions, which can affect lymphocyte levels.
• The test does not differentiate between different types of lymphocytes, such as B cells and T cells.
• A single measurement may not accurately reflect the overall immune status of an individual.
• Interpretation of ALC results should be done in conjunction with other clinical information and diagnostic tests.

 

ALC Test Risk Factors

Here is the potential risk factor of the ALC Test.

• Risk factors for abnormal lymphocyte count (ALC) test results can include viral or bacterial infections.
• Autoimmune disorders, such as lupus or rheumatoid arthritis, can also affect lymphocyte levels.
• Certain medications, such as corticosteroids or immunosuppressants, may alter ALC results.
• Chronic diseases, such as leukemia or lymphoma, can lead to abnormal lymphocyte counts.
• Age and gender can also influence ALC levels, with higher counts typically seen in children and lower counts in the elderly.

 

Doctor Recommendations After ALC Test Result

Here are Doctor recommendations or consult a specialist after ALC Test.

ALC Test Result	Doctor to Visit	Reason to Visit
High	Hematologist	Investigate underlying blood disorder or condition
Normal	General Practitioner	Routine follow-up or further evaluation if symptomatic
Low	Hematologist	Assess potential causes of low ALC.

 

ALC Test Price

Here are the estimated ALC Test Price in India with different top cities:

City	Price Range (INR)*
Mumbai	100 - 200
New Delhi	100 - 200
Bangalore	100 - 200
Hyderabad	100 - 200
Kolkata	100 - 150
Pune	100 - 150
Lucknow	100 - 200
Noida	100 - 200
Surat	100 - 150
Gurugram	100 - 150
Patna	100 - 200
Chennai	100 - 150
Jaipur	100 - 200
Ahmedabad	100 - 150

*Prices are approximate and vary depending on a specific laboratory or healthcare facility.

 

Summary

Overall Absolute Lymphocyte Count (ALC) test measures the number of lymphocytes in the blood and can help diagnose a variety of conditions, including infections, autoimmune disorders, cancer, and other diseases. Also check Drlogy Test for detailed information about all medical tests for patients, doctors, scholers and medical students.

 

Reference

• Kakar A, Beri R, Gogia A, Byotra SP, Prakash V, Kumar S, Bhargava M. Absolute lymphocyte count: a cost-effective method of monitoring HIV-infected individuals. Indian J Pathol Microbiol. 2011; 54(1):107-11 [1].
• Van der Ryst E, Kotze M, Joubert G, Steyn M, Pieters H, van der Westhuizen M, van Staden M, Venter C. Correlation among total lymphocyte count, absolute CD4+ count, and CD4+ percentage in a group of HIV-1-infected South African patients. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol. 1998; 19(3):238-44 [2].