Shri Ram Surgical Hospital

A general surgeon is a medical doctor who specializes in the field of surgery and is trained to perform a wide range of surgical procedures to treat a variety of conditions and diseases. They are trained to diagnose and treat conditions involving the skin, soft tissues, bones, and organs of the body, including the digestive system, the abdominal organs, the breast, the skin, and the endocrine system.

Some of the specific responsibilities of a general surgeon include:

• Diagnosing and treating conditions that require surgical intervention
• Performing surgical procedures such as appendectomies, gallbladder removals, hernia repairs, and colon resections
• Performing diagnostic procedures such as biopsies and endoscopies
• Monitoring patients' conditions before, during, and after surgery and managing any complications that may arise
• Coordinating care with other healthcare professionals, such as primary care physicians and specialists, to provide comprehensive care for patients
• Providing education and counseling to patients and their families about surgical options and post-operative care

General surgeons typically work in hospitals, clinics, or private practice and may also conduct research in the field of surgery. They may also be responsible for providing emergency care in some cases.

General surgeons treat a wide range of conditions and diseases that require surgical intervention. Some of the most common conditions and diseases treated by general surgeons include:

1. Abdominal conditions: General surgeons treat conditions such as appendicitis, hernias, gallbladder disease, and colon cancer.
2. Gastrointestinal conditions: General surgeons treat conditions such as acid reflux, ulcers, and inflammatory bowel disease.
3. Breast conditions: General surgeons treat conditions such as breast cancer, breast cysts, and lumps.
4. Skin conditions: General surgeons treat conditions such as skin cancer, moles, and cysts.
5. Endocrine conditions: General surgeons treat conditions such as thyroid and parathyroid disorders and adrenal tumors.
6. Trauma: General surgeons are also responsible for treating injuries and wounds resulting from accidents and violence.
7. Vascular conditions: General surgeons are also trained to treat conditions involving the blood vessels, such as varicose veins and aneurysms.
8. Bariatric surgery: General surgeons perform weight loss surgery such as gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy for morbidly obese patients.

It's worth noting that general surgeons may also treat other conditions and diseases not mentioned here and that the specific conditions and diseases treated by a general surgeon may vary depending on their subspecialty or the facilities they work in.

Cancer surgery, also called oncologic surgery, is a type of surgery that is used to diagnose, stage, and treat cancer. There are several types of cancer surgery, including:

1. Lumpectomy - a procedure that removes the tumor and a small margin of surrounding tissue from the breast.
2. Mastectomy - a procedure that removes the entire breast, including the nipple, areola, and some of the surrounding tissue.
3. Sentinel lymph node biopsy - a procedure that is used to determine whether cancer has spread to the lymph nodes in the area of the tumor.
4. Lymph node dissection - a procedure that removes lymph nodes from an area of the body that may contain cancer.
5. Prostatectomy - a procedure that removes all or part of the prostate gland.
6. Cystectomy - a procedure that removes all or part of the bladder.
7. Gastrectomy - a procedure that removes all or part of the stomach.
8. Colorectal surgery- a procedure that removes all or part of the colon or rectum.
9. Pancreaticoduodenectomy - a procedure that removes the head of the pancreas, the first part of the small intestine, and the bile duct.
10. Thoracic surgery - a procedure that removes tumors or diseased tissue from the chest, such as lung cancer or esophageal cancer.
11. Abdominoperineal resection - a procedure that removes the rectum, anus, and part of the sigmoid colon.

These are some examples of cancer surgeries, but there are many other types that may be used depending on the type and stage of cancer.

There are several types of breast cancer surgery, but the three most common types are:

1. Lumpectomy: also known as breast-conserving surgery or partial mastectomy, this procedure involves removing the tumor and a small margin of surrounding healthy tissue. The remaining breast tissue is not removed.

2. Mastectomy: This procedure involves removing the entire breast that has cancer. Depending on the case, some lymph nodes under the arm may also be removed.

3. Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy: This is a specialized type of breast cancer surgery in which the surgeon identifies and removes the sentinel lymph node(s) to check whether cancer has spread to the lymphatic system. This procedure is done before or during a lumpectomy or a mastectomy.

The type of surgery that is recommended for a patient with breast cancer will depend on various factors such as the size and location of the tumor, the patient's overall health, and medical history, as well as their preferences. Some other factors that play a role include whether the tumor is hormone receptor-positive or HER2-positive, the stage of cancer, and whether the patient plans to have radiation therapy or not.

Recovery time after breast surgery can vary depending on the type of surgery and the individual patient. Generally, recovery from breast cancer surgery can take several weeks to several months.

• For a lumpectomy, recovery time is usually shorter, with most patients able to return to normal activities within a few days to a week.
• There may be some discomfort, swelling, and/or tenderness in the breast for a few weeks after surgery, but these symptoms can usually be managed with over-the-counter pain medication.
• For a mastectomy, recovery time is generally longer, with most patients taking 4-6 weeks off work to recover.
• There may be a pain, swelling, and/or discomfort in the breast and underarm area, as well as fatigue and emotional issues.
• Most patients need to wear a surgical bra for a few weeks after the surgery, and it is also important to avoid heavy lifting and strenuous activities for several weeks.
• For a sentinel lymph node biopsy, recovery time is similar to that of a lumpectomy, since it is done before or during a lumpectomy or a mastectomy.
• It is important to note that recovery time can vary depending on individual factors such as the extent of the surgery, the patient's overall health, and the patient's ability to follow the post-operative care instructions provided by the surgeon.
• It is always best to consult with your surgeon and follow their post-operative instructions to ensure a smooth recovery.

There are many types of minor surgery, which are generally considered to be less invasive procedures that do not require a large incision or a long recovery period. Some examples of minor surgery include:

1. Skin surgery: This includes procedures such as mole removal, cyst removal, and skin biopsies.
2. Endoscopy: These procedures involve the use of a thin, flexible tube with a camera and light on the end to examine the inside of the body, such as colonoscopy, bronchoscopy, and esophagoscopy.
3. Cataract surgery: This is a procedure to remove the cloudy lens of the eye and replace it with an artificial lens.
4. Vasectomy: This is a procedure for male sterilization.
5. Dilation and curettage (D&C): This procedure is done to diagnose and treat conditions such as abnormal bleeding or to remove tissue after a miscarriage.
6. Carpal Tunnel Release: This procedure is done to relieve pressure on the median nerve in the wrist, which can be caused by carpal tunnel syndrome.
7. Tonsillectomy: This procedure is done to remove the tonsils.
8. Laryngeal surgery: This procedure is done to correct issues such as vocal cord nodules, polyps, and other conditions.
9. Rhinoplasty: This procedure is done to reshape the nose.
10. Breast surgery: This type of surgery includes procedures like breast augmentation, breast reduction, and breast lift.

It's important to note that the term "minor surgery" can be relative and depends on the individual's perspective and what they are accustomed to. Some people may consider a procedure as minor, while others may consider it major, so it's best to speak with your doctor to understand what to expect from your surgery.

The level of pain associated with minor surgery can vary depending on the type of procedure and the individual's pain tolerance. In general, minor surgery is associated with less pain and discomfort compared to major surgery.

• During the procedure, the patient may be given a local anesthetic to numb the area, which will make them unable to feel pain.
• Some minor surgeries, such as endoscopies, may also be performed under sedation, which will make the patient drowsy and relaxed, but they will still be awake.
• After the surgery, pain and discomfort are typically mild and easily managed with over-the-counter pain medication.
• Most patients are able to return to normal activities within a few days to a week after the surgery.
• It's important to note that every patient's experience is different, some may have more pain than others, so it's best to speak with your doctor about what to expect in terms of pain and recovery time for your specific procedure.

The classification of minor surgery can vary depending on the surgical procedure, the location of the procedure, and the individual's perspective. In general, minor surgery refers to procedures that are less invasive, do not require a large incision, and have a shorter recovery period compared to major surgery.

Some examples of minor surgeries include:

• Skin surgery: mole and cyst removal, skin biopsies
• Endoscopy: colonoscopy, bronchoscopy, esophagoscopy
• Cataract surgery
• Vasectomy
• Dilation and curettage (D&C)
• Carpal Tunnel Release
• Tonsillectomy
• Laryngeal surgery
• Rhinoplasty
• Breast surgery such as breast augmentation, reduction, or lift

It's important to note that some procedures that may be considered minor, such as mole removal, may not be considered minor for others, such as cancer patients.

Also, some procedures that are considered minor in one context, such as endoscopy, may not be considered minor in another context, such as endoscopic surgery. Therefore, it's best to speak with your doctor to understand what to expect from your specific surgery.